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本文系作者卫剑钒（卫Sir），开源“圣经”《大教堂与集市》中文版译者翻译。
本文的目的，是从浅入深弄懂Apache许可证，并完全忠于原文。
文章较长，我将以“步进式”方式解读，最精华的放在最前面，以便于你在不能读完的情况下，也能 get 到精华。
不过，越往后看，会有越多的料。强烈建议读完。
如果对全文翻译不感兴趣，可以迅速拉过第五节。
注：本文不区分 “Apache 2.0许可证”、“Apache 许可证”、“Apache 协议”，视作完全等同。
1
2
3
4
下面对 Apache 协议进行全文翻译，如果你没有时间，可以快进到第六节，阅读后续情况。
5
看到这里，有人会说，上面这些是不是就够用了？
nonono，那当然是不够的，如果真遇到事，还是得看原文，一切以原文为准。
而且是以英文为准！在 ASF 官网上关于 Apache 许可证的 FAQ 里，明确指出，翻译只是便于理解，只有英文版本才有法律效力。
英文全文的官方网址在：https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0.html
本人的翻译和解读如下。排版方式是：
英文，灰色蓝色粗体文字
译文，灰色蓝色文字
注意：本译文无意逐字逐词对照，目的是说清楚，以通达为首要原则。
下面开始：
Apache License
Version 2.0, January 2004
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR USE, REPRODUCTION, AND DISTRIBUTION)
Apache许可证
版本2.0，2004年1月
http://www.apache.org/licenses/
使用、复制和分发的条款与条件
1.Definitions.
”License" shall mean the terms and conditions for use, reproduction, and distribution as defined by Sections 1 through 9 of this document.
”Licensor" shall mean the copyright owner or entity authorized by the copyright owner that is granting the License.
1.定义
“许可证”就是有关使用、复制、分发的条款和条件，具体在本文的第1到9节定义。
“许可人”就是使用本许可证进行许可的版权所有人（或版权所有人授权的实体）。
”Legal Entity" shall mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities that control, are controlled by, or are under common control with that entity. For the purposes of this definition, "control" means (i) the power, direct or indirect, to cause the direction or management of such entity, whether by contract or otherwise, or (ii) ownership of fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding shares, or (iii) beneficial ownership of such entity.
“法人实体”是指行为实体以及所有控制它的实体、它控制的实体、或和它处于共同控制之下的实体。
“控制”是指：
（i）通过合同或其他方式，直接或间接地，指导或管理该实体的权力。
或（ii）占流通股百分之五十（50％）及以上的所有权。
或（iii）对该实体拥有受益所有权。
注意第一句比较难，其结构是：LE mean the union of the acting entity and all other entities ( that ( control ) , ( are controlled by ) , or ( are under common control with ) that entity. ) ), 最后这个"that entity"就是前面的acting entity。
分解开来就是，LE mean the union of A and entities that control A, entities that controlled by A, entities that are under common control with A.
举个例子：A是行为实体
A控制了B、C
D、E控制了A
F、G和A都受H控制
那么这个法人实体就是A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H的联合。
”You" (or "Your") shall mean an individual or Legal Entity exercising permissions granted by this License.
“你”（或“你们”），就是那个正被授予权利的人或者法人。
"Source" form shall mean the preferred form for making modifications, including but not limited to software source code, documentation source, and configuration files.
“源码”形式是指便于人类修改的形式，包括但不限于软件源代码、源文档和配置文件。
”Object" form shall mean any form resulting from mechanical transformation or translation of a Source form, including but not limited to compiled object code, generated documentation, and conversions to other media types.
“目标”形式是指“源码”经过机器转换或翻译后的结果，包括但不限于编译后的目标代码、生成的文档以及转换成的其他媒体类型。
”Work" shall mean the work of authorship, whether in Source or Object form, made available under the License, as indicated by a copyright notice that is included in or attached to the work (an example is provided in the Appendix below).
“作品”是指可通过本许可证获取的作者的工作成果，它以源码形式或目标形式存在，作品含有或附有版权提示。(本许可证附录部分有样例)
”Derivative Works" shall mean any work, whether in Source or Object form, that is based on (or derived from) the Work and for which the editorial revisions, annotations, elaborations, or other modifications represent, as a whole, an original work of authorship. For the purposes of this License, Derivative Works shall not include works that remain separable from, or merely link (or bind by name) to the interfaces of, the Work and Derivative Works thereof.
“衍生作品”是指基于（或源于）某“作品”的原创性工作成果，其所做的编辑修订、注释、深化或其他修改等等，从整体而言，有原创性。就本许可而言，衍生作品不应包括这些作品：可与本衍生作品分离的作品、仅仅通过接口链接（或绑定）起来的作品。
"Contribution" shall mean any work of authorship, including the original version of the Work and any modifications or additions to that Work or Derivative Works thereof, that is intentionally submitted to Licensor for inclusion in the Work by the copyright owner or by an individual or Legal Entity authorized to submit on behalf of the copyright owner. For the purposes of this definition, "submitted" means any form of electronic, verbal, or written communication sent to the Licensor or its representatives, including but not limited to communication on electronic mailing lists, source code control systems, and issue tracking systems that are managed by, or on behalf of, the Licensor for the purpose of discussing and improving the Work, but excluding communication that is conspicuously marked or otherwise designated in writing by the copyright owner as "Not a Contribution."
“贡献”包括作品的原始版本以及对该作品或衍生作品的任何修改或增补，这些内容是版权人（或是被版权人授权的个人或法人）有意“提交”给许可人以将其包含在作品中的。“提交”可以通过电子、口头或书面形式，包括但不限于电子邮件列表，源码控制系统、问题跟踪系统等（这些系统通常是许可人用来讨论和改进作品的），但是那些被显著标识了“并非贡献”的内容，不能视为被提交的内容。
"Contributor" shall mean Licensor and any individual or Legal Entity on behalf of whom a Contribution has been received by Licensor and subsequently incorporated within the Work.
“贡献者”是指许可人以及那些做出贡献的个人或法人。许可人从这些人手中接收贡献并将其纳入到作品中。
2. Grant of Copyright License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable copyright license to reproduce, prepare Derivative Works of, publicly display, publicly perform, sublicense, and distribute the Work and such Derivative Works in Source or Object form.
2. 版权许可。在遵守本许可的条款和条件的前提下，每位贡献者特此授予你永久的、全球性的、非排他性的、免费的、免版税的、不可撤销的版权许可，以复制、准备衍生作品、公开展示、公开使用、再许可、分发本作品和其衍生作品（无论是以“源码”还是“目标”形式）。
非排他性是指不限定只给某人、某团体、某地区等等，而是给所有人都一样的权利。
不可撤销是指一旦授予，将不能再收回。
关于再许可（sublicense）的理解：你是本许可的被许可人（licensee），所谓再许可，就是你分发作品时，可以再次向你的licensee进行许可。至于具体有什么要求，要看许可证第4节第5款。
3. Grant of Patent License. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License, each Contributor hereby grants to You a perpetual, worldwide, non-exclusive, no-charge, royalty-free, irrevocable (except as stated in this section) patent license to make, have made, use, offer to sell, sell, import, and otherwise transfer the Work, where such license applies only to those patent claims licensable by such Contributor that are necessarily infringed by their Contribution(s) alone or by combination of their Contribution(s) with the Work to which such Contribution(s) was submitted. If You institute patent litigation against any entity (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that the Work or a Contribution incorporated within the Work constitutes direct or contributory patent infringement, then any patent licenses granted to You under this License for that Work shall terminate as of the date such litigation is filed.
3.专利许可。在遵守本许可的条款和条件的前提下，每位贡献者特此授予你永久性的，全球性的，非排他性的，免费的，免版税的，不可撤销的（本节列出的例外除外）专利许可，用于制作、委托制作、使用、要约出售、出售、进口、转让本作品，你获得的专利许可，仅仅是有权利向你许可的贡献者授予你的，该贡献者的贡献或者其贡献和本作品结合起来后，不可避免地造成了对该贡献者专利的侵权。如果你针对任何实体（包括诉讼中的交叉索赔或反索赔）提起专利诉讼，指称本作品或贡献直接或间接构成侵权，则本许可授予你的任何专利许可在诉讼提起之日终止。
4. Redistribution. You may reproduce and distribute copies of the Work or Derivative Works thereof in any medium, with or without modifications, and in Source or Object form, provided that You meet the following conditions:
4.重新分发。你可以复制和分发本作品或衍生作品，可通过任意媒介，可以修改或者保持原样，可以是源码形式或目标形式，但前提是满足以下所有条件。
* You must give any other recipients of the Work or Derivative Works a copy of this License; and
* 你必须给接收者一份本许可证的拷贝；
* You must cause any modified files to carry prominent notices stating that You changed the files; and
* 你必须在任何修改过的文件中，带有明显的声明，表明你已更改文件；
* You must retain, in the Source form of any Derivative Works that You distribute, all copyright, patent, trademark, and attribution notices from the Source form of the Work,excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works; and
* 在你分发的衍生作品的源代码中，你必须保留本作品源码中的所有版权、专利、商标和归属声明，但与衍生作品无关的除外；
* If the Work includes a "NOTICE" text file as part of its distribution, then any Derivative Works that You distribute must include a readable copy of the attribution notices contained within such NOTICE file, excluding those notices that do not pertain to any part of the Derivative Works, in at least one of the following places: within a NOTICE text file distributed as part of the Derivative Works; within the Source form or documentation, if provided along with the Derivative Works; or, within a display generated by the Derivative Works, if and wherever such third-party notices normally appear. The contents of the NOTICE file are for informational purposes only and do not modify the License. You may add Your own attribution notices within Derivative Works that You distribute, alongside or as an addendum to the NOTICE text from the Work, provided that such additional attribution notices cannot be construed as modifying the License.
* 如果本作品在分发时包含了一个“NOTICE”文本文件，则你分发的任何衍生作品都必须要有该NOTICE文件所包含的归属声明（与衍生作品无关的声明除外），该归功应位于以下至少一个位置中：衍生作品分发时所带的NOTICE文件；衍生作品所带的源码或文档；衍生作品生成的展示页面中（如果能正常显示这些第三方声明，不管在什么地方都行）。NOTICE文件的内容仅仅是信息性的，不可以修改其中的许可证。你可以在衍生作品中附加自己的归功，在NOTICE文本里面直接添加或者以附录形式出现，前提是附加的归功不能造成对许可证的更改。
* You may add Your own copyright statement to Your modifications and may provide additional or different license terms and conditions for use, reproduction, or distribution of Your modifications, or for any such Derivative Works as a whole, provided Your use, reproduction, and distribution of the Work otherwisecomplies with the conditions stated in this License.
* 在你自己的修改中，你可以添加你的版权声明，并可提供附加的或不同的许可条款和条件，以供他人使用，复制或分发你的修改或整个衍生作品，前提是你对本作品的使用、复制和分发等符合本许可规定的条件。
5. Submission of Contributions. Unless You explicitly state otherwise, any Contribution intentionally submitted for inclusion in the Work by You to the Licensor shall be under the terms and conditions of this License, without any additional terms or conditions. Notwithstanding the above, nothing herein shall supersede or modify the terms of any separate license agreement you may have executed with Licensor regarding such Contributions.
5.提交贡献。除非你另有明确说明，否则你有意提交给许可人的任何贡献（用于包含在作品中）都默认遵守本许可的条款和条件，并且再没有任何其他的条款或条件了。尽管是上面这么说，本文中的任何内容都不能取代或修改你和许可人之间（可能）另外签订的有关此贡献的其他任何条款。
6. Trademarks. This License does not grant permission to use the trade names, trademarks, service marks, or product names of the Licensor, except as required for reasonable and customary use in describing the origin of the Work and reproducing the content of the NOTICE file.
6.商标。本许可不授权使用许可人的商品名、商标、服务标志或产品名，除非在描述本作品来源时和复制NOTICE文件时，有必要合理地、符合常规地引用。
7. Disclaimer of Warranty. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, Licensor provides the Work (and each Contributor provides its Contributions) on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied, including, without limitation, any warranties or conditions of TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY, or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. You are solely responsible for determining the appropriateness of using or redistributing the Work and assume any risks associated with Your exercise of permissions under this License.
7.没有保证。除非适用法律要求或以书面形式同意，否则许可人是“按原样”提供本作品的（每个贡献者也如是提供其贡献），没有任何类型保证或条件（无论明示或暗示的），包括但不限于任何权利担保、非侵权保证，适销性保证、适用性保证或条件。你自行负责确定使用或重新分发本作品的适当性，并承担和你行使权利（本许可授予你的）有关的任何风险。
8. Limitation of Liability. In no event and under no legal theory, whether in tort (including negligence), contract, or otherwise, unless required by applicable law (such as deliberate and grossly negligent acts) or agreed to in writing, shall any Contributor be liable to You for damages, including any direct, indirect, special, incidental, or consequential damages of any character arising as a result of this License or out of the use or inability to use the Work (including but not limited to damages for loss of goodwill, work stoppage, computer failure or malfunction, or any and all other commercial damages or losses), even if such Contributor has been advised of the possibility of such damages.
8.责任范围。不论是任何情况或任何法理依据，任何贡献者均不会对你的损失承担责任，无论其产生于侵权（包括过失）、合同还是其他情形，除非适用法律要求（例如故意和重大过失行为）或书面同意。这些损失包括由于本许可产生的、或由于使用或不能使用本作品而引起的、任何直接的、间接的、特殊的、偶然的、或伴随结果而产生的任何性质的损失（包括但不限于因商誉受损、停工、计算机故障或失效、以及任何其他商业性损坏而带来的损失），即使贡献者已经被告知此类损失的可能性。
9. Accepting Warranty or Additional Liability. While redistributing the Work or Derivative Works thereof, You may choose to offer, and charge a fee for, acceptance of support, warranty, indemnity, or other liability obligations and/or rights consistent with this License.However, in accepting such obligations, You may act only on Your own behalf and on Your sole responsibility, not on behalf of any other Contributor, and only if You agree to indemnify, defend, and hold each Contributor harmless for any liability incurred by, or claims asserted against, such Contributor by reason of your accepting any such warranty or additional liability.
9.承担保证或其他责任。在重新分发本作品或其衍生作品时，你可以提供支持、保证、担保以及其他责任、义务及权利，并因此收费，但必须满足以下前提：符合本许可证的条款条件；在承担这些责任时，你只能代表你自己（也只能单独承担责任），不能代表任何其他贡献者；如果因你承担这些保证和责任导致任何贡献者产生任何损失或被追责，你同意担保、保护每位贡献者不受损失和免于责任。
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
条款和条件结束
APPENDIX: HOW TO APPLY THE APACHE LICENSE TO YOUR WORK
附录：如何在你的作品中使用APACHE许可证
You should include a copy of the Apache License, typically in a file called LICENSE, in your work, and consider also including a NOTICE file.
你应该在作品有一个LICENSE文件，里面是Apache许可证的拷贝，你还应考虑放一个NOTICE文件。
To apply the Apache License to specific files in your work, attach the following boilerplate declaration, with the fields enclosed by brackets "[]" replaced with your own identifying information. (Don't include the brackets!) The text should be enclosed in the appropriate comment syntax for the file format. We also recommend that a file or class name and description of purpose be included on the same "printed page" as the copyright notice for easier identification within third-party archives.
将Apache许可证应用于你作品中某一特定文件时，请附加以下样板声明，“ [ ]”括起来的字段应替换为你自己的标识信息。（不要包括方括号！），这段文本应该位于该文件的注释当中。我们还建议将文件名或类别名以及用途说明，和版权声明放在同一“打印页面”中，以便更容易地将第三方文档区分开来。
Copyright [yyyy] [name of copyright owner]
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
6
下面是在go-chassis中搜索go-micro的结果（2020年5月10日）：
7
对于ASF的项目，一般都会有NOTICE文件，但非ASF项目，用的就不太多，即便是使用Apache许可证的。
以下仅仅为部分节选，有兴趣的话可以去其网站观摩一下。
8
版权 年份 Alice
Apache许可信息
源码
版权 年份 Alice
“各位注意：我修改了许可信息，从Apache改为了MIT”
MIT许可信息
源码（未做实质性改动）
也许ASF是允许这种情况的，具体要看ASF如何解释Apache许可证了。
为了遏制这种情况，A应该将自己的版权、仓库地址、License都放在NOTICE文件中。
这样，即便一个人拿到B，他也会知道B其实就是A，A的原License是什么，源代码在哪里。这个人可能会更倾向于直接使用A，毕竟A更正宗。
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